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Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice.
Nature 2024 April 25
Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems1-3 . Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour4-7 . However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems8-14 . Here we use a controllable 4 × 4 array of superconducting qubits to emulate a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard (HCBH) lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the centre of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.
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