Double-leg and single-leg jump test reference values for athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who play popular pivoting sports, including soccer and basketball: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize and present reference values for double-leg and single-leg jump tests in healthy athletes who play pivoting sports, and athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who play pivoting sports. DESIGN: scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science until April 7, 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included reference values in two different categories: (1) double-leg and/or single-leg jump test outcomes in pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation, and (2) double-leg and/or single-leg jump test outcomes in healthy pivoting-sport athletes. DATA SYNTHESIS: We performed data synthesis for reference values from double-leg jump tests (squat jump and countermovement jump) and single-leg jump tests (vertical hop, single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, crossover hop for distance, medial triple hop for distance, lateral triple hop for distance, 6-meter timed hop, side hop, drop jump, and 10 second repeated hop) that were performed according to a standardized test description. We summarized the data for type of sport, sex, sport participation level and age group. RESULTS: Of the 27 included studies, 9 reported reference values from healthy soccer players, 6 from healthy basketball players, and 11 from other healthy pivoting-sport athletes. LSI dominant/non-dominant (LSI-D/ND) ranged between 97% to 106% for healthy soccer players, and between 99% to 120% for healthy basketball players. Four studies reported reference values from pivoting-sport athletes with ACLR from 7 to 10 months post-surgery. CONCLUSION: This scoping review summarizes double-leg and single-leg jump test reference values for athletes who play common pivoting sports, including soccer and basketball.