Association between uncarboxylated osteocalcin, blood glucose, and BMI among Saudi diabetic patients: an evaluation study.

OBJECTIVE: Uncarboxylated osteocalcin is an important osteocalcin enzyme found in the bloodstream and is a crucial protein for maintaining calcium binding in bones, controlling blood sugar levels, and balancing body minerals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Due to the lack of data, the current study intends to investigate the relationship between uncarboxylated osteocalcin levels and DM-II in Saudi patients. For 138 patients, case-control research was conducted in 2021-2023, with 69 type II diabetes mellitus patients and 69 matching healthy control participants. An enzyme immunoassay kit was used to quantify the levels of uncarboxylated osteocalcin in fasting blood samples, and an automated analyzer evaluated Hb1Ac, fasting blood glucose, enzymes, electrolytes, lipid, and kidney profiles. Data processing and analysis were carried out using GraphPad Prism statistical software.

RESULTS: According to our study, patients with type II diabetes mellitus had considerably lower levels of uncarboxylated osteocalcin than healthy controls. According to the correlation analysis, uncarboxylated osteocalcin and fasting blood sugar had a negative relationship. In the overweight BMI group, uncarboxylated osteocalcin was considerably higher in control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that, in Saudi type II diabetes mellitus patients, the compromised glucose level is associated with diminished serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin. This study has limitations, such as a small sample size and only measuring the uncarboxylated form of plasma osteocalcin. Future research is needed to understand how anti-diabetic drugs affect undercarboxylated osteocalcin's effect on metabolic control and provide more efficient techniques and resources in diabetes and osteoporosis prevention and care.