Patient Perceptions of Servicescape in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Many hospitals are competing for survival in their service areas. Because of intense competition within markets, hospitals are developing strategies to differentiate themselves. One way to do so is to create a physical infrastructure and service environment that generate a positive impact on patient perceptions. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on servicescape (i.e., a total impression of a service encounter developed through the use of human senses) and its effects on service quality and patient outcomes in healthcare settings. Servicescape studies have taken place in various healthcare settings (i.e., teaching hospitals, dental clinics, outpatient clinics) in 10 countries. Although servicescape in healthcare settings is a rarely researched topic at both the national and international levels, research indicates a significant positive association between servicescape and patient perceptions, patient satisfaction, and patient emotions. In light of the increasing emphasis in quality and value-based purchasing initiatives on patient experience and outcomes, more servicescape research in healthcare settings is needed. This systematic review underscores this need and enhances the knowledge base in this area.