Effects of a perioperative antibiotic and veterinary probiotic on fecal dysbiosis index in dogs.

Although widely used, the effects of perioperative antibiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome are still being researched. The role of probiotics to ameliorate adverse effects of perioperative antibiotics is unclear. The dysbiosis index (DI), based on a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique, is used to assess gastrointestinal health. The DI in dogs receiving perioperative antibiotics and the effects of concurrent probiotics were evaluated in this study. This was a prospective study of 20 dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. Baseline and 48-hour postoperative fecal DI were evaluated. Eleven dogs received a probiotic and 9 received placebo. Preanesthetic DI was not different between treatment groups ( P = 0.378). One bacterial group, Blautia , decreased in the placebo group ( P = 0.002); however, there was no change in the probiotic group ( P = 0.336). The DI increased numerically after probiotic administration, but the time × treatment interaction was not significant ( P = 0.996). Administration of a probiotic failed to improve DI. Further investigation is needed to evaluate long-term effects of perioperative antibiotics on the gut microbiome.