Oral feeding trajectories and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 month follow-up for preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Few studies characterize feeding performance in the NICU when predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between time to full oral feeds (FULL-PO) and neurodevelopmental and feeding outcomes in the first 2 years in preterm infants admitted to the NICU.

METHODS: This retrospective study included infants born between 01/01/2014-07/31/2017, gestational age <  32 weeks and/or birth weight <  1500 g. We examined feeding difficulties, cerebral palsy, and Bayley scores for those reaching FULL-PO at a post menstrual age (PMA)≤38.0 weeks (EARLY) vs.>38.0 weeks (LATE). Additionally, the oral feeding achieved at various timepoints between 36- and 42-weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) was measured to construct a timeline of oral feeding acquisition.

RESULTS: Of 192 infants, 147(77%) achieved FULL-PO EARLY and 45(23%) LATE. Comorbidities and length of stay were higher and unadjusted Bayley scores were lower at 12 months corrected age (CA) and 24 months chronological age (CH) in the LATE group. Feeding difficulties were higher in the LATE group at 24 months CH. Infants born <  27-28 weeks GA were more likely to achieve oral feeding at a later PMA. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had significant feeding and developmental delays.

CONCLUSIONS: Establishing full oral feeds by 38.0 weeks PMA may be used as a predictor for feeding difficulties at 24 months CH. Infants born <  27-28 weeks GA and those with BPD are more likely to take extended amounts of time to achieve full oral feeding and need additional feeding support. Infants with BPD are high risk for neurodevelopmental delays.