Dr. Tetsuro Fujiwara-My Memories from the Early Days of Dr. Fujiwara's Research.

This brief commentary honors Dr. Tesuro Fujiwara, the first person to treat infants with respiratory distress syndrome by instilling surfactant into their trachea. In the 1960s, mortality from RDS, which could only be treated with oxygen, was about 50 percent. Based on the physiology Fujiwara learned that lung immaturity could be treated with doses of surfactant from animals in sheep models. He then made a surfactant from cow lungs called Servanta and treated 10 infants with RDS, who all had a large improvement in oxygenation. Other new therapies, such as continuous positive airway pressure and newer infant ventilators-in combination with surfactant therapy have decreased infant mortality to less than 1% from RDS in the most recent US infant death statistics.