We have located links that may give you full text access.
Pulse-width modulated temporal interference (PWM-TI) brain stimulation.
Brain Stimulation 2023 December 24
BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation involving temporal interference of two different kHz frequency sinusoidal electric fields (temporal interference (TI)) enables non-invasive deep brain stimulation by creating an electric field that is amplitude modulated at the slow difference frequency within the neural range at the target brain region.
OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigate temporal interference neural stimulation using square, rather sinusoidal, electric fields that create an electric field that is pulse-width, but not amplitude, modulated at the difference frequency (pulse-width modulated temporal interference, (PWM-TI)).
METHODS/RESULTS: We show, using ex-vivo single-cell recordings and in-vivo calcium imaging, that PWM-TI effectively stimulates neural activity at the difference frequency at a similar efficiency to traditional TI. We then demonstrate, using computational modelling, that the PWM stimulation waveform induces amplitude-modulated membrane potential depolarization due to the membrane's intrinsic low-pass filtering property.
CONCLUSIONS: PWM-TI can effectively drive neural activity at the difference frequency. The PWM-TI mechanism involves converting an amplitude-fixed PWM field to an amplitude-modulated membrane potential via the low-pass filtering of the passive neural membrane. Unveiling the biophysics underpinning the neural response to complex electric fields may facilitate the development of new brain stimulation strategies with improved precision and efficiency.
OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigate temporal interference neural stimulation using square, rather sinusoidal, electric fields that create an electric field that is pulse-width, but not amplitude, modulated at the difference frequency (pulse-width modulated temporal interference, (PWM-TI)).
METHODS/RESULTS: We show, using ex-vivo single-cell recordings and in-vivo calcium imaging, that PWM-TI effectively stimulates neural activity at the difference frequency at a similar efficiency to traditional TI. We then demonstrate, using computational modelling, that the PWM stimulation waveform induces amplitude-modulated membrane potential depolarization due to the membrane's intrinsic low-pass filtering property.
CONCLUSIONS: PWM-TI can effectively drive neural activity at the difference frequency. The PWM-TI mechanism involves converting an amplitude-fixed PWM field to an amplitude-modulated membrane potential via the low-pass filtering of the passive neural membrane. Unveiling the biophysics underpinning the neural response to complex electric fields may facilitate the development of new brain stimulation strategies with improved precision and efficiency.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: From History to Practice of a Secular Topic.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024 April 5
Prevention and treatment of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in people with diabetes mellitus: a focus on glucose control and comorbidities.Diabetologia 2024 April 17
British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology 2024 April 17
Albumin: a comprehensive review and practical guideline for clinical use.European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2024 April 13
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app