Gut microbiota and common gastrointestinal diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal disorders is unclear.

METHODS: We assessed causal relationships between gut microbiota and eight common gastrointestinal diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. IVW results were considered primary results. Cochrane's Q and MR-Egger tests were used to test for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Leave-one-out was used to test the stability of the MR results, and Bonferroni correction was used to test the strength of the causal relationship between exposure and outcome.

RESULTS: MR analyses of 196 gut microbiota and eight common gastrointestinal disease phenotypes showed 62 flora and common gastrointestinal diseases with potential causal relationships. Among these potential causal relationships, after the Bonferroni-corrected test, significant causal relationships remained between Genus Oxalobacter and CD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13-1.48, p  = 2.5 × 10-4, q  = 4.20 × 10-4), and between Family Clostridiaceae1 and IBS (OR = 0.9967, 95% CI: 0.9944-0.9991, p  = 1.3 × 10-3, q  = 1.56 × 10-3). Cochrane's Q -test showed no significant heterogeneity among the various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, no significant level of pleiotropy was found according to the MR-Egger.

CONCLUSION: This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated gastrointestinal disorders and some guidance for targeting specific gut microbiota for treating gastrointestinal disorders.