Modified one-step conservative uterine surgery (MOSCUS) versus cesarean hysterectomy in the management of placenta accreta spectrum: A single-center retrospective analysis based on 619 Vietnamese pregnant women.

OBJECTIVES: To compare maternal outcome measures in surgical management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS)-the modified one-step conservative uterine surgery (MOSCUS), a new approach at Tu Du Hospital in Vietnam, versus cesarean hysterectomy, and to identify factors that appear to contribute to the successful outcome of the MOSCUS.

METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at Tu Du Hospital in southern Vietnam between January 2019 and December 2020. The study enrolled all pregnant women at more than 28 weeks of pregnancy with a diagnosis of PAS who underwent either a cesarean hysterectomy or a uterus-preserving approach using the MOSCUS method.

RESULTS: The prevalence of PAS at our single tertiary referral hospital was 0.4% (619 PAS cases/132 518 births) in 2 years. Among 296 patients, the surgical time duration, estimated blood loss, and red blood cell transfusion in the MOSCUS group (n = 217) were all significantly less than in the cesarean hysterectomy group (n = 79) (152.72 ± 42.23 vs 185.13 ± 58.22 min, 1000 vs 1500 mL, and 500 vs 710 mL, respectively). Intraoperatively, the rate of visceral injuries in the hysterectomy group was higher than that in the MOSCUS group (P < 0.001). However, the rate of postoperative infection was higher in the MOSCUS group than in the cesarean hysterectomy group (P = 0.012). Of a total of 217 cases managed using the MOSCUS management, 24 required a secondary hysterectomy; the success rate was 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 84.3%-93.1%). Some of the primary factors associated with the success of MOSCUS included maternal age less than 35 years, planned surgery, severity of PAS, and estimated blood loss during surgery (odds ratio [OR] 5.16, 95% CI 1.96-13.59; OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.08-8.62; OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.19-10.98; and OR 49.66, 95% CI 11.16-221.02, respectively; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: MOSCUS is an acceptable alternative to cesarean hysterectomy in many patients diagnosed with PAS. This new surgical management of PAS resulted in the preservation of the uterus, and a favorable outcome in nearly 9 out of 10 pregnant women. We believe that MOSCUS can be safely offered for the management of PAS in referral hospital settings.