Theoretical and clinical disease and the biostatistical theory.

Although concepts of disease have received much scrutiny, the benefits of distinguishing between theoretical and clinical disease-and what is meant by those terms-may not be as readily apparent. One way of characterizing the distinction between theoretical and clinical conceptions of disease is by relying on Boorse's biostatistical theory (BST) for a conception of theoretical disease. Clinical disease could then be defined as theoretical disease that is diagnosed. Explicating this distinction provides a useful extension of the BST. The benefits of this approach are clearly and non-normatively demarcating disease from non-disease, while allowing for values and purpose to determine what criteria are used in clinical practice to represent a disease's underlying dysfunction. Through discussion of a variety of medical conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, I explore how the relationship between BST-based theoretical and clinical disease could make sense of various features of clinical practice and medical theory. It could do this by lending focus to a nuanced understanding of the pathophysiological defects present in disease and the means by which they are assessed. This could contribute to revised nosologies and diagnostic criteria.