CCL19-producing fibroblastic stromal cells restrain lung carcinoma growth by promoting local antitumor T-cell responses.

BACKGROUND: A particular characteristic of non-small cell lung cancer is the composition of the tumor microenvironment with a very high proportion of fibroblastic stromal cells (FSCs).

OBJECTIVE: Lapses in our basic knowledge of fibroblast phenotype and function in the tumor microenvironment make it difficult to define whether FSC subsets exist that exhibit either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties.

METHODS: We used gene expression profiling of lung versus tumor FSCs from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, CCL19-expressing FSCs were studied in transgenic mouse models by using a lung cancer metastasis model.

RESULTS: CCL19 mRNA expression in human tumor FSCs correlates with immune cell infiltration and intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistic dissection in murine lung carcinoma models revealed that CCL19-expressing FSCs form perivascular niches to promote accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Targeted ablation of CCL19-expressing tumor FSCs reduced immune cell recruitment and resulted in unleashed tumor growth.

CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a distinct population of CCL19-producing FSCs fosters the development of an immune-stimulating intratumoral niche for immune cells to control cancer growth.