Arthroscopic Subscapular Sling Procedure for Anterior Glenohumeral Instability Has Limitations: Dynamic Anterior Stabilization Using Long Head of Biceps Tendon May Represent a More Favorable Alternative.

Anterior shoulder instability is a common. Cases of mild glenoid bone loss are typically addressed with conventional arthroscopic Bankart repair procedures, whereas more critical glenoid bone loss often necessitates more invasive, bone blocking procedures. Recently, for cases that fall between the need of arthroscopic repair and open procedures, surgeons have developed methods for using soft tissue grafts in order to create a "sling" effect and augment glenoid labral repair. The subscapular sling procedure aims to restore stability by introducing a semitendinosus autograft into the glenohumeral joint to reconstruct the torn labrum; the graft is wrapped around the subscapularis to create a suspensory sling. Limitations include harvest site morbidity; increased surgical time; subscapularis split which can compromise the tendon integrity resulting in loss of internal rotation; and a persistently positive apprehension test. Finally, the technique is complex, and similar alternatives with fewer limitations may include a dynamic anterior stabilization technique using the long head of the biceps tendon, which creates a stabilizing sling effect without graft harvest from the leg, and has positive reported outcomes.