Advances in naked metal clusters for catalysis.

The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of gas-phase and supported metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to fully understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.