Delayed rib plating and lung herniation repair in a traumatic chest injury after thoracotomy: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lung herniation following trauma is a rare occurrence, and consensus on optimal surgical repair techniques remains limited. While small herniations may resolve without surgery, intervention becomes necessary in cases of unsuccessful non-operative management or concurrent rib fracture stabilization. Mesh application in repair poses a dilemma, often providing physical support but raising infection concerns, particularly in trauma scenarios with delayed closure. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures, employing hardware similar to orthopedic procedures, may necessitate prophylactic antibiotics, though empirical evidence supporting routine use is scant. Polytrauma patients often resort to delayed chest closure techniques during methodical surgical planning, but these carry potential consequences compared to immediate closure.

CASE PRESENTATION: Presented is a case involving a patient in a motorcycle collision sustaining multiple injuries, necessitating a massive transfusion protocol, multiple surgeries, including delayed chest closure, and eventual surgical rib fixation four days post-injury. During rib stabilization, exacerbation of traumatic lung herniation mandated mesh repair, prompting the cautious use of prophylactic vancomycin powder to mitigate infection risks.

DISCUSSION: A review of the literature revealed a scarcity of similar cases, particularly those involving lung herniation with delayed chest closure, the use of prophylactic antibiotics and mesh in polytrauma.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the lack of depth of comprehensive research guiding surgical decisions concerning lung herniation and the prophylactic use of vancomycin powder in trauma patients.