Cerebral proliferative angiopathy in pediatric age presenting as neurological disorders: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare subtype of arteriovenous malformation. It is extremely rare in pediatric patients and has serious implications for developing children. However, reports of these disorders worldwide are limited, and no uniform reference for diagnosis and treatment options exists. We report the case of a 6-year-old with CPA having predominantly neurological dysfunction and review the literature on pediatric CPA.

CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a pediatric patient with CPA analyzed using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) who presented initially with a neurological disorder as the main manifestation. This case is the basis for further discussion of the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CPA in children. After the cerebral DSA, the patient was treated conservatively with sedation, fluid replacement, and blood anticoagulation. She could not cooperate with the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging examination because of her young age, and her family declined further treatment because of the surgery's high risk. She was followed up for 3 months; her symptoms did not worsen.

CONCLUSION: This report of rare pediatric CPA can inform and advance clinical research on congenital cerebrovascular diseases.