Education, training and technological innovation, key components of the ESTES-NIGHTINGALE project cooperation for Mass Casualty Incident preparedness in Europe.

Disasters induced by extreme weather events and terrorism-related activities, causing mass casualty incidents (MCIs) in Europe, are expected to increase in the upcoming years. This challenging scenario demands a high level of readiness and coordinated multi-disciplinary response to reduce morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) is one of the 23 partners of the European-funded project Novel Integrated Toolkit for Enhanced Pre-Hospital Life Support and Triage in Challenging and Large Emergencies (NIGHTINGALE), whose primary objective is to promote the exchange in experiences and define the best practices among first responders. Additionally, the project promotes multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional efforts to achieve technological innovation that will enhance preparedness in MCI management. This manuscript aims to describe the challenges of MCI triage, the education and training programs for MCI response in Europe, and the technological innovation that may aid optimal response. These three elements were discussed by ESTES Disaster and Military Surgery Section members during the German Society for Trauma Surgery session at the ECTES 2022 in Oslo "TDSC® and beyond: ideas and concepts for education and training in Terror Preparedness", additionally the manuscript describes the first steps of the cooperation between ESTES and the rest of the NIGHTINGALE consortium.