Advance Care Planning and Communication Skills Improve after an Interprofessional Team Simulation with Standardized Patients.

Background: Improving rates of advance care planning (ACP) and advance directive completion is a recognized goal of health care in the United States. No prior study has examined the efficacy of standardized patient (SP)-based student interprofessional ACP trainings.

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate an interprofessional approach to ACP education using SP encounters.

Design: We designed a pre-post evaluation of an innovative interprofessional ACP training curriculum using multimodal adult learning techniques to test the effects of completing ACP discussions with SPs. Three surveys (pre-training T1, post-training T2, and post-clinical encounter T3) evaluated student knowledge, Communication Self-Efficacy (CSES), ACP self-efficacy, and interprofessional teamwork (using SPICE-R2).

Setting/Subjects: Students from the schools of medicine, nursing, and social work attended three training modules and two SP encounters focused on ACP.

Measurements/Results: During academic year 2018-2019, 36 students participated in the training at University of Maryland. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in ACP self-efficacy, M T1  = 2.9 (standard deviation [SD]T1  = 0.61) compared with M T3  = 3.9 (SDT3  = 0.51), p  < 0.001, and CSES, M T1  = 4.6 (SDT1  = 1.35) versus M T3  = 7.3 (SDT3  = 0.51), p  < 0.001, from T1 to T3. There was a medium-to-large improvement in knowledge from an average score of 4.3 (SD = 1.0) at T1 to an average score of 5.5 (SD = 1.4) at T2, p  = 0.005, d  = 0.67.

Conclusions: Our interprofessional training module and SP encounter was successful in improving medical, social work, and nursing students' self-reported communication skills and knowledge regarding ACP.