Integrated neural circuits of sleep and memory regulation in Drosophila.

Sleep and memory are highly intertwined, yet integrative neural network of these two fundamental physiological behaviours remains poorly understood. Multiple cell types and structures of the Drosophila brain have been shown involved in the regulation of sleep and memory, and recent efforts become focusing on bridging them at molecular and circuit levels. Here, we briefly review: 1) identified neurons as key nodes of olfactory associative memory circuits involved in different memory processes; 2) how neurons of memory circuits participate in sleep regulation; and 3) other cell types and circuits besides the MB in linking sleep and memory. We also attempt to provide remaining gaps of circuitry integration of sleep and memory, which may spark some new thinking for future efforts.