Secondary metabolites from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Y20-2, and their pro-angiogenic activity.

A systematic chemical study of the secondary metabolites of the marine fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum (No. Y20-2), led to the isolation of 21 compounds, one of which is new (compound 3 ). The structures of the 21 compounds were determined by conducting extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. The pro-angiogenic activity of each compound was evaluated using a zebrafish model. The results showed that compounds 7 , 9 , 16 , and 17 had strong and dose-dependent pro-angiogenic effects, with compound 16 demonstrating the strongest pro-angiogenic activity, compounds 6 , 12 , 14 , and 18 showing moderate activity, and compounds 8 , 13 , and 19 exhibiting relatively weak activity.