In ovo injection of testosterone to yolk sac modulates early posthatching development and physiology of male chick in broilers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo testosterone injection into the yolk sac of embryos on physiology and development of broiler chicks during the early posthatching period. A total of 1,010 hatching eggs were obtained from the Ross genotype. Trial design was conducted with a noninjected group (control) and injection groups in which 100 µL sesame oil, or 100 µL sesame oil + 0.50 µmol testosterone were injected into the yolk sac of the embryo on d 6 or d 12 of incubation. Testosterone hormone level was measured in the egg yolk and albumen at onset of incubation, in the yolk sac on d 19 of incubation and in the residual yolk sac at hatching. Weights of chick, yolk sac and organ, morphological traits (body length, lengths of bilateral traits and beak length), asymmetrical development of bilateral morphological traits and body mass index were measured at hatching and on d 7 after hatching. Testosterone, corticosterone and growth hormone levels were determined in blood plasma obtained from male chicks at hatching and on d 7 of chick age. Chick weight was not affected, plasma testosterone level and brain weight decreased, while body mass index, plasma corticosterone and growth hormone levels increased by administering 0.50 µmol testosterone on d 12 of embryonic age. However, plasma testosterone and growth hormone levels did not change, chick weight increased, while plasma corticosterone level and the chick body length decreased by administering 0.50 µmol testosterone on d 6 of embryonic age. A significant interaction between chick age and in ovo testosterone administration resulted in an increase in lung weight of chicks. In conclusion, this study found that in ovo testosterone administered at different embryonic ages due to age-specific effects of testosterone in the yolk sac of embryo modulates development related to physiological parameters of male broiler chicks during early posthatching period.