Sleep patterns and problems in infants and young children in Ireland.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing recognition that sleep is an important aspect of health and well-being, and this is particularly the case in infancy and early childhood where sleep behaviours and patterns can result in substantial problems.

METHODS: This paper draws on Wave 1, 2, and 3 data from Growing Up in Ireland, the national longitudinal study of children in Ireland to provide an overview of sleep patterns in a population of children aged 9 months (n = 11,112), 3 years (n = 9,790), and 5 years (n = 8,996). The anonymised data made available through the Irish Social Science Data Archive were analysed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Findings from the analysis show that about two thirds of infants (66.9%; n = 7,433) and just under 3 quarters of children aged 3 years (72.8%; n = 7,127) go to sleep between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. and about 3 quarters (78.6%; n = 7,070) of 5-year-old children are in bed by 9:00 p.m. Just under half of infants (48.5%; n = 5,000) wake up between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. and 13.5% (n = 1,500) wake up between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. More than 80% (n = 8,889) of mothers report their 9-month-old infant wakes up at least occasionally and 13.8% report it happens every night. Almost all infants nap during the daytime, with the majority (56.0%; n = 6,222) doing so for between 1 and 2 hours. About one third (65.4%; n = 6,402) of 3-year-olds take daytime naps, but only 5.0% (n = 449) of 5-year-olds do so. Substantial proportions of mothers report children's sleep patterns are at least a small problem for them (ranging from about 30% (n = 3,333) in infancy to 22% (n = 2,444) at 3 years and 12% (n = 1,079) at 5 years).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a substantial unmet need, and it is suggested that public health nurses and health visitors have a key role to play in supporting positive sleep patterns in early childhood.