A Fast and Interactive Augmented Reality System for PET/CT-guided Intervention of Neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is the most common type of extracranial solid tumor in children and can often result in death if not treated. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive technique for treating tissue that is deep within the body. It avoids the use of ionizing radiation, avoiding long-term side-effects of these treatments. The goal of this project was to develop the rendering component of an augmented reality (AR) system with potential applications for image-guided HIFU treatment of neuroblastoma. Our project focuses on taking 3D models of neuroblastoma lesions obtained from PET/CT and displaying them in our AR system in near real-time for use by physicians. We used volume ray casting with raster graphics as our preferred rendering method, as it allows for the real-time editing of our 3D radiologic data. Some unique features of our AR system include intuitive hand gestures and virtual user interfaces that allow the user to interact with the rendered data and process PET/CT images for optimal visualization. We implemented the feature to set a custom transfer function, set custom intensity cutoff points, and region-of-interest extraction via cutting planes. In the future, we hope to incorporate this work as part of a complete system for focused ultrasound treatment by adding ultrasound simulation, visualization, and deformable registration.