Biomechanics, Bioactive and Biomimetic Philosophy in Restorative Dentistry ̶ Quo vadis?

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, restorative dentistry has embraced various techniques, including direct, semi-direct, and indirect restorations, to address the replacement of lost tooth tissue. The focus has been on integrating the principles of Biomechanics, Bioactivity, and Biomimicry (3-Bio) as key drivers behind these innovations.

METHODS: Three enthusiastic researchers in dental materials have come together to collaborate on writing a concise opinion article addressing the three aspects of restorative dental materials: Biomechanics, Bioactivity, and Biomimetic principles. Their aim is to provide readers with relevant information on the 3-Bio concept, offering insights into the innovative approaches shaping modern restorative dentistry.

RESULTS: Developing restorative materials with interactive properties aligned with the 3-Bio concept poses a significant challenge. Currently, dentistry lacks a comprehensive system in this regard. Though, the development of dental materials based on the 3-Bio concept could potentially elicit positive mechanical and biological responses in targeted tooth tissues.

CONCLUSION: Assessing several parameters through a battery of in vitro and in silico assays could help in tailoring the different aspects of the 3-Bio concept, spanning from bioactivity to biomimetics via biomechanics. This approach could allow the prediction and translation of the clinical performance of the assessed restorative materials.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of this opinion article highlight that the development of restorative materials aligned with the 3-Bio concept could enhance the management of dental defects and extend the longevity of bonded restorations, thereby improving patient care through tissue preservation. The authors believe that more collective efforts between clinicians, researchers, and even industrial partners are required to fully understand the correlation between bioactive behaviour, biomechanical limitations, and biomimetics to provide suitable restorative materials for specific clinical applications.