A review regarding the article 'Multidisciplinary management strategies for atrial fibrillation.'.

Catheter ablation has become an accepted first line therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) being the key element of ablation strategies. Catheter ablation of AF has been proven to be superior to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy regarding efficacy and improvement of survival in patients with heart failure. PVI has become a routine treatment procedure in recent decades especially for patients with symptomatic PAF. Recent research investigations have shown that AF recurrence still occurs in a significant number of patients after ablation. AF recurrence leads to a decrease in patients' quality of life and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. As most arrhythmia recurrences take place within the first 3 months after the initial procedure, this time period is seen as a so-called "blanking period", in which ablation is not recommended, since up to 50% of patients can become arrhythmia free in the long run. Ablation therapy, however, is less successful in patients suffering from long standing persistent AF, with a 20.3% success rate after a single procedure and a 45% success rate after multiple RFA procedures. Several scores have been established and validated to predict cardiac rhythm outcomes after catheter ablation. However, due to the lack of external validation of most of the scores, their efficacy in predicting recurrence of atrial fibrillation needs to be further evaluated in independent external studies.