A Novel Spider Monkey Optimization for Reliable Data Dissemination in VANETs Based on Machine Learning.

The growth in linked and autonomous vehicles has led to the emergence of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) as a means to enhance road safety, traffic efficiency, and passenger comfort. However, VANETs face challenges in facilitating trustworthiness and high-quality services due to communication delays caused by traffic, dynamic topology changes, variable speeds, and other influencing factors. Hence, there is a need for a reliable data dissemination scheme capable of reducing communication delays among hops by identifying effective forwarder nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel, weighted, estimated, spider monkey-based, nature-inspired optimization (w-SMNO) method to generate a set of efficient relays. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic weight assignment and configuration model to enhance system accuracy using a neural network based on backpropagation with gradient descent optimization techniques to minimize errors in the machine learning model. The w-SMNO also incorporates a distinct algorithm for effective relay selection among multiple monkey spider groups. The simulation results demonstrate substantial improvements in w-SMNO, with a 35.7% increase in coverage, a 41.2% reduction in the end-to-end delay, a 36.4% improvement in the message delivery rate, and a 38.4% decrease in the collision rate compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.