Clinical Symptomatology of Anxiety and Family Function in Adolescents-The Self-Esteem Mediator.

BACKGROUND: Family, the child's first environment, shapes their psycho-emotional balance. The literature links adolescent anxiety to family relationships, interactions, and dynamics. The self-esteem of adolescents appears to protect their mental health.

GOAL: This study examines whether family cohesion and adaptability affect adolescent anxiety symptoms. It also examines whether teen self-esteem mediates this relationship.

METHOD: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 166 Attica youth aged 12-18 from schools and educational units. The adolescents completed Olson's FACES-III cohesion and adaptability scale, Spielberger's STAI-C, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and a socio-demographic questionnaire.

RESULTS: Family cohesion, but not adaptability, was negatively correlated with state ( rho = -0.25, p = 0.001) and trait ( rho = -0.46, p < 0.001) anxiety in the adolescents. Teenagers from extreme families with the lowest cohesion and adaptability had higher trait anxiety ( x 2 (2) = 6.91, p = 0.032) than those from moderately balanced/balanced families. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between the family cohesion functioning and adolescent's state anxiety ( p = 0.005) and trait anxiety ( p = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that family dysfunction negatively impacts adolescent anxiety, as well as their self-esteem, which protects mental balance.