Applications of Yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the lack of systemic radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, researchers have been investigating the use of yttrium-90 (90 Y) radioembolization for local-regional tumor control since the 1960s. With the development of glass and resin 90 Y microspheres and the durable local control, good long-term efficacy, and equivalent tumor responsiveness and tolerability of 90 Y-selective internal irradiation compared with alternative therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sorafenib, 90 Y radioembolization has gradually been applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma of all stages. In this article, we summarize the latest progress of 90 Y in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of its principle, advantages, indications, contraindications, efficacy and adverse effects.