Comparison of Prognosis and Cognitive Function of Holistic Neurological Disease: Tochigi Neurological Disease Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: While many studies focus on the prognosis of individual neurological diseases, very few comprehensively compare and analyze real-world data of these diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To address this gap in knowledge, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the real-life data of patients with neurological diseases.

METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients with neurological diseases at three hospitals from December 1, 2016 to September 30, 2020. Neurological diseases were classified into nine groups: Dementia, Cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's and related, Functional, Spinocerebellar degeneration, Neuroimmune, Epilepsy, Muscle dystrophy disease, and Hypertension. Patients were followed up for three years, and their prognosis and evaluation of their cognitive function served as the endpoint.

RESULTS: A total of 426 patients were finally enrolled. Both mortality and cognitive function differed among the neurological disease categories. After 3 years, mortality was highest in the Dementia (25.5%), Parkinson's and related (21.6%), and Spinocerebellar degeneration (35.3%) groups while the cognitive function of patients in these three groups was significantly lowest.

CONCLUSIONS: When the neurological diseases were holistically observed, both mortality and cognitive function of the Dementia, Parkinson's and related, and Spinocerebellar degeneration groups were significantly worse than the remaining diseases.