Integrated modelling of flow-sediment transport and power generation in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Reservoirs play a crucial role in regulating runoff and generating energy. However, they also lead to significant sedimentation in the reservoir area. In this study, we propose an integrated model that combines a 1-D hydro- and sediment dynamic module with a power generation module. The model considers both suspended and bed load transports. This model is applied to the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) and evaluate its performance against corresponding measurements. The results demonstrate that:① the proposed model accurately reproduces the processes of flow and sediment transport, bed deformation, and power generation during the hydrological years of 2019 and 2020. The relative errors for average discharge and bed deformation volume are <6 % and 10 %, respectively. Moreover, the calculated total power (982 × 108 -1115 × 108  kW·h) closely agree with the measured values (969 × 108 -1118 × 108  kW·h); ② the inflows of small tributaries have a noticeable impact on the calculated water discharge in the TGR. This impact will lead to a 16 % increase in average discharge and alter the magnitudes and occurrence times of flood peaks; ③ the flocculation of fine sediment particles significantly affects sediment transport, particularly in the sub-reach close to the dam. This flocculation will result in a 37 %-57 % reduction in average suspended sediment discharge and a 63 %-93 % reduction in peak sediment discharge. This research provides a comprehensive tool for simulating flow and sediment transport as well as power generation, which can support the optimal regulation of the TGR.