A trans-Canadian positive deviance seminar for paraesophageal hernia surgery: Reporting national postoperative outcomes and consensus recommendations.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of adverse events (AEs) and length of stay (LOS) varies significantly following paraesophageal hernia surgery. We performed a Canadian multicenter positive deviance (PD) seminar to review individual center and national level data and establish holistic perioperative practice recommendations.

METHODS: A national virtual PD seminar was performed in October 2021. Recent best evidence focusing on AEs and LOS was presented. Subsequently, anonymized center-level AE and LOS data collected between 01/2017 and 01/2021 from a prospective, web-based database that tracks postoperative outcomes was presented. The top two performing centers with regards to these metrics were chosen and surgeons from these hospitals discussed elements of their treatment pathways that contributed to these outcomes. Consensus recommendations were then identified with participants independently rating their level of agreement.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight surgeons form 8 centers took part in the seminar across 5 Canadian provinces. Of the 680 included patients included, Clavien-Dindo grade I and II/III/IV/V complications occurred in 121/39/12/2 patients (17.8%/5.7%/1.8%/0.3%). Respiratory complications were the most common (effusion 12/680, 1.7% and pneumonia 9/680, 1.3%). Esophageal and gastric perforation occurred in 7 and 4/680, (1.0% and 0.6% respectively). Median LOS varied significantly between institutions (1 day, range 1-3 vs. 7 days, 3-8, p < 0.001). A strong level of agreement was achieved for 10/12 of the consensus statements generated.

CONCLUSION: PD seminars provide a supportive forum for centers to review best evidence and experience and generate recommendations based on expert opinion. Further research is ongoing to determine if this approach effectively accomplishes this objective.