Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using sewage and cheese whey.

Recently, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been produced using raw sewage in our laboratory; however, the production concentrations are low. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance PHA production by applying different strategies. PHA production was higher in sewage-containing medium than in mineral salt medium and was enhanced 22-fold after glucose supplementation. A relatively high degree of glucose consumption (83.6 ± 1.59 %) was also achieved. Bacteria incubated with cheese whey diluted with sewage showed higher PHA production than bacteria incubated with cheese whey diluted with distilled water did. The expression of the PHA synthase gene ( phaC ) was evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction using low- and high-carbon-containing sewage. Relatively higher phaC expression levels were observed in high-carbon-containing sewage but at lower nitrogen concentrations. The characteristics of the produced PHA were comparable to those of standard PHA. Therefore, this study revealed that the bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 can produce PHA from low- or high-carbon-containing wastewater.