Mitophagy-dependent Cardioprotection of Resistance Training on Heart Failure.

Resistance exercise is an indispensable mode of exercise rehabilitation for heart failure. Here we elucidate the cardiac effects of resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings on heart failure and explore the critical regulation of mitophagy. The chronic heart failure model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction surgery, followed by 8 weeks of resistance training (RT), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MRT), and high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HRT), and subsequently analyzed the changes of maximum load, cardiac structure and function, and myocardial mitophagic activity. The role and signaling of mitophagy in exercise protection of heart failure were investigated by knockdown of Hif1 α and Parkin genes in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. RT and especially MRT improved maximum load ( P < 0.0001), myocardial morphology and fibrosis ( P < 0.0001), reduced left ventricular diameter and enhanced left ventricular systolic function ( P < 0.01), and enhanced myocardial mitophagic activity and HIF1α expression ( P < 0.05) in heart failure mice. But HRT had no obvious protective effect on ventricular diameter and function or mitophagy. The abilities of exercise stimulation to regulate reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and brain natriuretic peptide were impaired after knockdown of Hif1α and P arkin genes inhibited mitophagy in failing cardiomyocytes ( P < 0.05). Different exercise modalities provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and MRT exhibits optimal protection. The HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway is involved in the protection and regulation of exercise on heart failure.