Posttreatment complications in pediatric cervical neuroblastoma: A retrospective case series at a tertiary cancer center.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastomas rarely occur as primary tumors in the cervical region. Therefore, very little has been reported regarding treatment strategies, complications, and outcomes of these cervical neuroblastomas. The goal of this study is to review the presentation, management, and outcomes of all primary cervical pediatric neuroblastoma cases at a single tertiary care center.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort review of all neuroblastoma patients treated at a single center were performed. All patients with primary cervical neuroblastoma were reviewed for demographic information, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

RESULTS: Thirty (1.8%) patients were found to have undergone treatment for cervical neuroblastoma tumors diagnosed on average at 2.1 years old. Most presented with a swollen neck/palpable mass ± Horner's syndrome. Based on features including tumor staging, N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN) amplification status, histology, most were deemed intermediate or high risk. Treatment strategies centered around chemotherapeutic regimens with surgery when possible as well as various adjuvant treatments including radiation therapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and a neuroblastoma vaccine. Ten (33.3%) of patients experienced treatment-related complications and four (13.3%) died as a result of their disease progression. All four patients were high-risk patients, two of which had MYCN amplification.

CONCLUSION: Cervical neuroblastomas generally have favorable outcomes. These tumors can be treated effectively with chemotherapy and surgical intervention with various adjuvant therapies. MYCN amplification and higher stage disease presentation contribute to worse outcomes.