Humor-based interventions for patients undergoing hemodialysis: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that humor interventions can impact chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Synthesize relevant literature to understand the elements and mechanisms of implementation of humor interventions.

METHODS: Relevant peer-reviewed articles were searched. Data were extracted according to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

RESULTS: The initial search yielded 261 articles. Nine were included in the scoping review. The studies included laughter (n = 5) and humorous video interventions (n = 4) in a face-to-face group format. The tailoring and fidelity process needs to be more detailed in most studies. None of the studies mentioned the theoretical basis. The humor videos were provided by nurses and required various types of equipment. The video interventions were conducted during dialysis. The laughter intervention consisted of 3-4 themes guided by qualified therapists. The timing of the laughter intervention is chosen based on the patient's dialysis schedule and is maintained for 30 min.

CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the current study somewhat limit the understanding, replication, and implementation of evidence-based humor interventions. Future studies need to clarify the theoretical basis, tailoring, fidelity, and control groups.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Ongoing reporting and evaluation of the implementation of humor interventions may help better understand their underlying mechanisms.