The multi-omics analysis identifies a novel cuproptosis-anoikis-related gene signature in prognosis and immune infiltration characterization of lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has emerged as one of the most aggressive lethal cancers. Anoikis serves as programmed apoptosis initiated by the detachment of cells from the extracel-lular matrix. Cuproptosis is distinct from traditional cell death modalities. The above two modes are both closely related to tumor progression, prognosis, and treatment. However, whether they have synergistic effects in LUAD deserves further investigation.

METHODS: The anoikis-related prognostic genes (ANRGs) co-expressed with cuproptosis-associated genes (CAGs) were screened using correlation analysis, analysis of variance, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO), and COX regression followed by functional analysis, and then LUAD risk score model was constructed. Using consensus clustering, the relationship between different subtypes and clinicopathological features, immune infiltration characteristics, and somatic mutations was analyzed. A nomogram was developed by incorporating clinical information, which provided a prediction of the survival of patients. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of ANRGs was performed and verified by the HPA database.

RESULTS: A total of 27 ANRGs associated with cuproptosis were obtained. On this basis, three distinct ANRGs subtypes were identified, and the differences between clinical prognosis and immune infiltration were observed. A risk score model has been constructed by incorporating seven ANRGs signatures (EIF2AK3, IKZF3, ITGAV, OGT, PLK1, TRAF2, XRCC5). A highly reliable nomogram was developed to help formulate treatment strategies based on risk score and the clinicopathological features of LUAD. The seven-gene signature was turned out to be strongly linked to immune cells and validated in single-cell data. Immunohistochemistry proved that all of them are highly expressed in LUAD tissues.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals the potential relationship between cuproptosis-related ANRGs and clinicopathological features, tumor microenvironment (TME), and mutation characteristics, which can be applied for predicting the prognosis of LUAD and help develop individualized treatment strategies.