Biodegradable mulch films significantly affected rhizosphere microbial communities and increased peanut yield.

Biodegradable mulch films are widely used to replace conventional plastic films in agricultural fields. However, their ecological effects on different microbial communities that naturally inhabit agricultural fields are scarcely explored. Herein, differences in bacterial communities recovered from biofilms, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil were comparatively assessed for polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable mulch film (BDM) application in peanut planted fields. The results showed that the plastic film type significantly influenced the bacterial community in different ecological niches of agricultural fields (P < 0.001). Specifically, BDMs significantly increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. The bacterial communities in each ecological niche were distinguishable from each other; bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil showed the most pronounced response among different treatments. Acidobacteria and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil when BDMs were used. BDMs also increased the rhizosphere soil bacterial network complexity and stability. The enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil under BDMs may also have implications for the observed increase in peanut yield. Deepening analyses indicated that Pseudoxanthomonas and Glutamicibacter are biomarkers in biofilms of PE and BDMs respectively. Our study provides new insights into the consequences of the application of different types of plastic films on microbial communities in different ecological niches of agricultural fields.