Physical Activity and Perceived Barriers in Individuals with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

INTRODUCTION: Regular physical activity (PA), especially aerobic exercise, may benefit cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, but promoting regular PA in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize PA and perceived barriers to PA in younger (<45 years) and middle age and older (≥45 years) individuals >1 year after moderate-to-severe TBI.

DESIGN: Multi-center survey study SETTING: Community PARTICIPANTS: Persons who met the following criteria were included in the study: 1) 18 years and older; 2) English speaking; 3) History of moderate-to-severe TBI; 4) Followed in a TBI Model Systems Center for at least 1 year; and 5) Able to complete the survey independently.

INTERVENTION: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Physical activity level measured by Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire (RAPA) and self-reported barriers to PA.

RESULTS: 472 participants completed the survey (response rate of 21%). More individuals in the younger group (<45 years old) met CDC recommended aerobic PA guidelines compared to the middle-aged and older group (≥ 45 years old) (62% vs 36%, p < 0.001). Lack of motivation, lack of time, and fatigue were the most reported barriers. Perceived barriers to PA varied by age and PA level: the middle-aged and older individuals (≥ 45 years old) were more likely to report no barriers and inactive individuals (RAPA ≤ 5) more likely to report lack of motivation and money, pain, and lack of resources.

CONCLUSION: Participants of age ≥45 years were less likely to meet the CDC PA guidelines than younger individuals after moderate-to-severe TBI. As perceived barriers to PA varied between age groups and PA levels, individualized approaches may be needed to promote physical activity in this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.