Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Glycemic Control in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of heterogeneous etiology, in which the patient presents alterations in metabolism, which are associated with a total or relative deficiency in insulin production and variable degrees of resistance to it1,2 . T2DM and periodontal disease are chronic diseases, the evidence suggests an association between the two. Studies report that T2DM worsens the periodontal disease and glycemic control plays a fundamental role in this3.4 .

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control in pediatric patients with T2DM.

METHODOLOGY: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective, homodemic and single-center study was carried out in the pediatric stomatology service of the "Hospital para el Niño Poblano" (Puebla city, Mexico) in the period January-July 2019 with 20 patients (between 6 to 18 years old) diagnosed with T2DM and were under treatment for their glycemic control.

RESULTS: The population was classified into patients with glycemic control based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) and patients without glycemic control (HbA1c> 7.5%). The prevalence of periodontal disease for patients diagnosed with T2DM was higher in uncontrolled patients who were classified within high Community Periodontal Index (CPI) codes between 3 (71.4%) and 4 (28.6%)5 (Table 1). Similarly, it was observed that in the group of patients without glycemic control presented averages of Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) cataloged between fair (57.1%) and poor (42.9%) (Table 2).

DISCUSSION: Similar results were obtained by Janket (2005)6 and Carneiro (2015)7 , who relate a higher rate of periodontal disease in patients with higher HbA1c values.

CONCLUSION: It was determined a relationship between glycemic control and periodontal disease in children, because patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c> 7.5%) presented CPI with degrees of inflammation and presence of periodontal pockets and poor OHI-S.

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