The use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis.

The use of micro, capillary and nano- LC systems for forensic analysis has excellent potential. In a field where sample size is often limited, several studies have presented the viability of capillary columns with microflow and nanoflow, and when using mass spectrometric analysis limits of detection can be improved. Reduction in flow rates result in significant reduction in operating costs. Recent advances in miniaturized LC systems also aim at in-laboratory and on-site detection, which have already been applied to forensic drug cases. This critical review will discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of microflow and nano- LC. In this regard, included in this article is a discussion of some promising areas not yet applied to forensic research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.