Modulation effects of black-vinegar based supplement against a high-fat dietary habit: antiobesity/hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and energy-metabolism effects.

BACKGROUND: An imbalanced fat or excess energy intake always results in obesity and increased serum/liver lipids, thus leading to metabolic syndromes. Given the bioactive components in the black vinegar (BV), such as branched amino acids, phenolic profile, and mineral contents. Here, we investigated the antiobesity effects of BV-based supplements in rats fed a high-fat diet.

RESULTS: A high-fat diet (HFD, 30% fat, w/w) feeding increased (p<0.05) body weight gains, weights of livers, as well as mesenteric, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissues, and serum/liver triglyceride levels relative to those of normal-diet (4% fat, w/w) fed (CON) rats. These increased values were ameliorated (p<0.05) by supplementing BV-based supplements but still higher (p<0.05) than those of CON rats. The increased areas of perirenal adipocytes in rats fed with a high-fat diet were also decreased (p<0.05) by supplementing BV-based supplements, which might result from an upregulation (p<0.05) of AMPK, CPT1, and UCP2 in the perirenal adipose tissues. A similar effect was observed for AMPK, PPARα, RXRα, CPT1, and UCP2 gene and protein levels in livers (p<0.05). Generally, BV-based supplements increased the fecal triglyceride, cholesterol, and bile acid levels of rats fed with a high-fat diet, which partially contribute to the lipid-lowering effects. Furthermore, BV-based supplements increased (p<0.05) hepatic Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and lowered (p<0.05) serum/liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in HFD fed rats.

CONCLUSION: In a chronic high-fat dietary habit, the food-grade BV-based supplement is a good daily choice to ameliorate obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.