Complications associated with orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study of 485 cases.

PURPOSE: To identify the most prevalent types of complications associated with orthognathic surgery and its possible risk factors.

METHODS: This study was a retrospective investigation of records of 485 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between 2008 and 2014 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. Types of complications were recorded. Independent variables such as sex, age, duration of surgery and hospitalization, number of surgeries, surgical site, and types of osteotomy performed were evaluated. Complications were also evaluated based on the treatment according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 93 complications were reported (19.2%), including postoperative malocclusion, hemorrhage, inferior alveolar nerve injury, bad split, and infection. Complications were more common in men (p = 0.029). The number of complications was higher in surgeries that took more time to perform (p < 0.05) when the entire sample was taken into consideration. The prevalence of complications was related to a higher number of procedures per surgery (p = 0.019). Complications were more frequent in mandibular procedures (p = 0.010), particularly in bilateral sagittal split osteotomies (p < 0.001). Related to treatment, Clavien-Dindo grade I complications were the most frequent (72.04%). There was no association between sex, age, surgery duration, length of hospitalization, or surgical site with complication grades according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (p ≥ 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Postoperative malocclusion, hemorrhage, inferior alveolar nerve injury, bad split and infection are the most prevalent complication in orthognathic surgery. They seem to be related to sex, duration of surgery, number of surgeries, surgical site, and the type of osteotomy performed. With these in mind, it is possible to explain to the patient the different levels of severity of complications related to the surgery.