Interventions to enhance recovery in healthy workers; a scoping review.

Background: Faster recovery from work may help to prevent work-related ill health.

Aims: To provide a preliminary assessment of the range and nature of interventions that aim to improve recovery from cognitive and physical work.

Methods: A scoping review to examine the range and nature of the evidence, to identify gaps in the evidence base and to provide input for systematic reviews. We searched for workplace intervention studies that aimed at enhancing recovery. We used an iterative method common in qualitative research to obtain an overview of study elements, including intervention content, design, theory, measurements, effects and cost-effectiveness.

Results: We found 28 studies evaluating seven types of interventions mostly using a randomized controlled study design. For person-directed interventions, we found relaxation techniques, training of recovery experiences, promotion of physical activity and stress management. For work-directed interventions, there were participatory changes, work-break schedules and task variation. Most interventions were based on the conservation of resources and affect-regulation theories, none were based on the effort-recovery theory. The need for recovery (NfR) and the recovery experiences questionnaires (REQ) were used most often. Study authors reported a beneficial effect of the intervention in 14 of 26 published studies. None of the studies that used the NfR scale found a beneficial effect, whereas studies that used the REQ showed beneficial effects. Three studies indicated that interventions were not cost-effective.

Conclusions: Feasible and possibly effective interventions are available for improving recovery from cognitive and physical workload. Systematic reviews are needed to determine their effectiveness.