Single pentylenetetrazole exposure increases aggression in adult zebrafish at different time intervals.

Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal and recurrent hyperexcitability in brain cells. Various comorbidities are associated with epilepsy, including irritability and aggressive behavior. Aggression is a negative effect observed in epileptic patients that may be harmful to other individuals, impairing social relations. Thus, developing novel experimental models to assess behavioral phenotypes that may comorbid with neurological disorders are of great interest. Here, we investigate whether pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) increases aggression in zebrafish following a single exposure. Animals were exposed to 10 mM PTZ for 20 min and aggression-towards mirror was measured at different time intervals after recovering period (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). We observed that zebrafish showed exacerbated aggression, as well as an increased number of entries in the virtual conspecific area from 1 h to 48 h after PTZ. However, no behavioral differences were observed after 72 h. Overall, our novel findings show that a single PTZ exposure evokes aggression in a time-dependent manner, reinforcing the use of zebrafish models to explore epilepsy-related comorbidities.