Myeloid cell-like transcript 2 is related to liver inflammation and the pathogenesis of hepatitis B via the involvement of CD8 + T cell activation.

This study analysed the biological significance of TLT-2 on CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B patients and provided a theoretical basis for the potential role of TLT-2 as an immune regulator. Flow cytometry sorting, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and short hairpin RNAs were used to analyse the function of TLT-2 on CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B patients. The TLT-2 expression levels in the acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B groups were significantly higher than that in the healthy control group and were positively correlated with ALT and AST. The CD8+ TLT-2+ T cells exhibited stronger immune function and greater cell proliferation ability and secreted higher levels of cytokines than the CD8+ TLT-2- T cells. An analysis of the proteome differences between the TLT-2+ CD8+ T and TLT-2- CD8+ T cells revealed that TLT-2 affected CD8+ T cell activation by regulating Granzyme B expression and by further action on the NF-κB signalling pathway. This study first elucidated the mechanism by which TLT-2 influences the activation of CD8+ T cells, improved the understanding of the TLT-2 signalling pathway and clarified the role of the TLT-2+ CD8+ T cell subset in hepatitis B virus infection. The study proposed a novel subset of CD8+ T cells that could be useful for understanding the immune function of patients with hepatitis B and further elucidating the pathogenesis of hepatitis B by analysing changes in this subpopulation with the goal of providing a new target for the treatment of hepatitis B.