Method development to reduce the fiber content of wheat bran and rice bran through anaerobic fermentation with rumen liquor for use in poultry feed.

Objective: Wheat bran (WB) and rice bran (RB) are the agricultural by-products used as poultry feed in many developing countries. However, their use for poultry feed is limited due to high fiber and the presence of anti-nutritional substances (e.g. ß-glucans). The objective of this study was to develop a method to improve the quality of those brans by reducing the fiber content.

Methods: A two-step fermentation method was developed where the second fermentation of first fermented dry bran was carried out. Fermentation was performed at a controlled environment for 3h and 6h (n=6). The composition of brans, buffer solution and rumen liquor was maintained in a ratio of 1:2:3, respectively. Brans were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. Celluloses and hemicelluloses were calculated from the difference of ADF-ADL and NDF-ADF, respectively. Samples were compared by two-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05).

Results: CF % ADF % and cellulose tended to decrease and NDF % and hemicellulose content was reduced significantly (p < 0.05). After the 1st fermentation step, NDF decreased 10.7±0.55 % after 3h versus 17.0±0.78 % after 6h in case of WB. Whereas, these values were 2.3 ± 0.30 % (3h) and 7.5±0.69 % (6h) in case of RB. However, after the 2nd fermentation step, the decrease in the NDF content amounted to 9.1±0.72 % (3h), 17.4±1.13 % (6h) and 9.3±0.46 % (3h), 10.0±0.68 % (6h) in WB and RB, respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose content was reduced up to 15.6±0.85 % (WB), 15.8±2.20 % (RB) and 36.6±2.42 % (WB), 15.9±3.53 % (RB), respectively after 2nd fermentation of 6h.

Conclusion: Two-step fermentation process improved the quality of the brans for their use in poultry feed.