Current status and future direction of uterus transplantation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current review gives an updated synopsis of all cases of uterus transplantation (UTx) that has been published and technical details about surgery. The live births that so far have been reported are described regarding pregnancy and outcome. In addition, the review highlights some specific areas of live donor UTx, deceased donor UTx and UTx in general that need further research for clarification/optimization. It is predicted that the clinical field of UTx will expand rapidly and recommendations for a scientific development of the UTx field are presented.

RECENT FINDINGS: The first successful UTx was performed in Sweden in February 2013, with the proof of success being the first UTx live birth (September 2014). This proof-of-concept of UTx as a treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility has been followed by several more births in Sweden, USA and Brazil. Live births have occurred both after live donor UTx and deceased donor UTx.

SUMMARY: UTx is still at the experimental stage and new UTx cases should be within registered trials and with data accumulated in an international registry, to collect data and results to further optimize the procedure concerning efficiency and safety.