Soluble ST2 does not change cardiovascular risk prediction compared to cardiac troponin T in kidney transplant candidates.

BACKGROUND: Solubility of Tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) is a novel biomarker that better stratifies risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) compared to cardiac troponin T(cTnT) in heart failure. We assessed the association of sST2 with the composite outcome of CVE and/or mortality compared to cTnT in kidney transplant candidates.

METHODS: 200 kidney transplant candidates between 2010 and 2013 were included. Elevated sST2 was defined as ≥30ng/ml, cTnT≥0.01 ng/ml.

RESULTS: Median age 53 (interquartile range (IQR) 42-61) years, 59.7% male and 82.0% white. 33.5% had history of CVE, 42.5% left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 15.6% positive cardiac stress test. Elevated sST2 correlated with male gender, history of prior-transplants, CVE, positive stress test, LVH, elevated cTnT, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased CRP and non-transplanted status. Male gender, history of CVE and LVH were independent determinants of sST2. During 28 months (IQR 25.3-30), 7.5% died, 13.0% developed CVE and 19.0% developed the composite outcome. Elevated sST2 was associated with the composite outcome (hazard ratio = 1.76, CI 1.06-2.73, p = 0.029) on univariate analysis but not after adjusting for age, diabetes and cTnT (p = 0.068). sST2 did not change the risk prediction model for composite outcome after including age, diabetes, prior history of CVE and elevated cTnT.

CONCLUSIONS: Increased sST2 level is significantly associated with variables associated with CVE in kidney transplant candidates. sST2 was associated with increased risk of the composite outcome of CVE and/or death but not independent of cTnT. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether sST2 has added value in CV risk stratification in this cohort of patients.