Precise treatment of aortic aneurysm by three-dimensional printing and simulation before endovascular intervention.

In this study, three-dimensional printing (3Dp) models and simulation surgeries (SSs) were applied in two challenging aortic cases. The first was an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a complex neck, and the second was a thoracic aortic dissection aneurysm (TADA) with an angled arch. In order to avoid unpredictable obstacles and difficulties, we made optimal surgical plans by using 3D models and virtual simulations. Based on preoperative evaluation system, the surgical plans seemed more reasonable and time-saving.