A Randomized Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Intracoronary Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Stem cell therapy has shown therapeutic benefit in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but doubt remains about the most appropriate stem cell subpopulation. The current study compared the efficacy of intracoronary administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) or mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in patients with DCM.Fifty-three patients with DCM and reduced (< 40%) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were randomized to intracoronary infusion of BMMC (BMMC group, n = 16) or BMSC (BMSC group, n = 17) or equal volume normal saline (CTRL group, n = 20). LVEF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and myocardial perfusion were assessed at baseline and at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were also recorded.At the 3-month follow-up, LVEF, NYHA class, and myocardial perfusion had improved significantly in the BMSC group (P = 0.004, 0.020 and 0.019, respectively) along with significant changes in LVEF and NYHA class in the BMMC group compared with CTRL (P = 0.042 and 0.047, respectively), however, LVEDd remained unchanged. In comparison with CTRL, LVEF, NYHA class, and myocardial perfusion improved significantly in the BMSC group at the 12-month follow-up (P = 0.005, 0.050 and 0.038 respectively), but not in the BMMC group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the transplantation groups during follow-up (P > 0.05). There were no differences in MACE among the 3 groups (P = 0.817).Intracoronary bone marrow stem cell transplantation in DCM is safe and effective, while BMSC and BMMC infusion possess comparable effectiveness.